Backing up and restoring MySQL database

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MySQL database backup

For large production databases refer CentOS 8.x mariadb taking backup of large production databases

To backup MySQL database one can use 'mysqldump' program. Syntax for mysqldump is:

mysqldump -u <mysql_username> -p <database_name> > <database_name>.sql

To automatically compress the database before it is stored on disk the output of mysqldump can be passed through bzip2 as:

mysqldump -u <mysql_username> -p <database_name> | bzip2 > <database_name>.sql.bz2

Dump each database in separate dump file

If a system has multiple MySQL databases we can dump each on a separate file using:

#!/bin/bash

cd /opt
for A in $(mysql -N --batch -e 'show databases'); do 
   mysqldump --single-transaction --quick --skip-lock-tables $A | bzip2 > database-backups/$A.sql.bz2 ;  
done
    
exit 0

We can call such backup script via rsnapshot to ensure that during every run of rsnapshot we get a separate DB backup file for each database.

Restoring MySQL database

To restore MySQL database we can use 'mysql' command line client. Command to restore database is:

cat <dump_file>.sql | mysql -u <mysql_username> -p <database_name>

To restore a compressed database along with password we can take help of 'bunzip2' and 'sshpass' utilities in following manner:

bunzip2 -c <dump_file>.sql.bz2 | sshpass -p <mysql_database_password> mysql -u <mysql_username> -p <database_name>

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